Mitochondrial Supplement Improves Function and Mitochondrial Activity in Autism: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Trial
Scientific Articles
Hill, Z.; McCarty, P.J.; Boles, R.G.; Frye, R.E. A Mitochondrial Supplement Improves Function and Mitochondrial Activity in Autism: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Trial. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 2479.
Binding Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibody Is a Biomarker for Leucovorin Treatment Response in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, McCarty PJ, Werner BA, Scheck AC, Collins HL, Adelman SJ, Rossignol DA, Quadros EV. J Pers Med. 1 Jan 2024.
Reanalysis of Trio Whole-Genome Sequencing Data Doubles the Yield in Autism Spectrum Disorder: De Novo Variants Present in Half
Scientific Articles
Omri Bar , Elizabeth Vahey , Mark Mintz , Richard E. Frye , Richard G. Boles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18 Jan 2024.
PREPRINT: High Sensitivity for Detection of Primary Diagnostic Variants in Autism, Including De Novo Variants, with Trio Whole Genome Sequencing and Data Reanalysis
Scientific Articles
Omri Bar , Elizabeth Vahey , Mark Mintz , Richard E. Frye , Richard G. Boles. Preprints.org. 14 Aug 2023.
Synchrony 2022: Catalyzing Research and Treatments to Benefit Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders including Autism Spectrum Disorders
Scientific Articles
Frye, R.E.; Nanda, H.; Pleasure, S.J.; Casanova, M.F.; Boles, R.G.; Lewine, J.; Gaitanis, J.; Adams, J.B. Synchrony 2022: Epilepsy and Seizures in Autism Spectrum Disorder Roundtable. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 557. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030557
Long COVID Syndrome Presenting as Neuropsychiatric Exacerbations in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights for Treatment
Scientific Articles
Jyonouchi, H.; Geng, L.; Rossignol, D.A.; Frye, R.E. Long COVID Syndrome Presenting as Neuropsychiatric Exacerbations in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights for Treatment. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 1815. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111815
Cerebral Folate Deficiency, Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies and Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Scientific Articles
Rossignol DA, Frye RE. Cerebral Folate Deficiency, Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies and Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med. 2021 Nov 3;11(11):1141. doi: 10.3390/jpm11111141. Erratum in: J Pers Med. 2022 Apr 29;12(5): PMID: 34834493; PMCID: PMC8622150.
Transdermal Electrical Neuromodulation for Anxiety and Sleep Problems in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Feasibility and Preliminary Findings
Scientific Articles
Foldes ST, Jensen AR, Jacobson A, Vassall S, Foldes E, Guthery A, Brown D, Levine T, Tyler WJ, Frye RE. Transdermal Electrical Neuromodulation for Anxiety and Sleep Problems in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Feasibility and Preliminary Findings. J Pers Med. 2021 Dec 6;11(12):1307. doi: 10.3390/jpm11121307. PMID: 34945779; PMCID: PMC8704341.
Ratings of the Effectiveness of Nutraceuticals for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Results of a National Survey
Scientific Articles
Adams, J.B.; Bhargava, A.; Coleman, D.M.; Frye, R.E.; Rossignol, D.A. Ratings of the Effectiveness of Nutraceuticals for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Results of a National Survey. J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11090878
The Effectiveness of Cobalamin (B12) Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Scientific Articles
Rossignol DA, Frye RE. The Effectiveness of Cobalamin (B12) Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med. 2021 Aug 11;11(8):784. doi: 10.3390/jpm11080784. PMID: 34442428; PMCID: PMC8400809.
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Resveratrol Effect in Fibroblasts from Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Scientific Articles
Barone R, Bastin J, Djouadi F, Singh I, Karim MA, Ammanamanchi A, McCarty PJ, Delhey L, Shannon R, Casabona A, Rizzo R, Frye RE. Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Resveratrol Effect in Fibroblasts from Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med. 2021 Jun 4;11(6):510. doi: 10.3390/jpm11060510. PMID: 34199819; PMCID: PMC8229571.
Emerging biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Vassall S, Kaur G, Lewis C, Karim M, Rossignol D. Emerging biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Ann Transl Med. 2019 Dec;7(23):792. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.53. PMID: 32042808; PMCID: PMC6989979.
Randomized controlled trial of sulforaphane and metabolite discovery in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Scientific Articles
Zimmerman AW, Singh K, Connors SL, Liu H, Panjwani AA, Lee LC, Diggins E, Foley A, Melnyk S, Singh IN, James SJ, Frye RE, Fahey JW. Randomized controlled trial of sulforaphane and metabolite discovery in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mol Autism. 2021 May 25;12(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s13229-021-00447-5. Erratum in: Mol Autism. 2021 Jun 16;12(1):44. PMID: 34034808; PMCID: PMC8146218.
Treatment of Folate Metabolism Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Scientific Articles
Rossignol DA, Frye RE. Cerebral Folate Deficiency, Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies and Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med. 2021 Nov 3;11(11):1141. doi: 10.3390/jpm11111141. Erratum in: J Pers Med. 2022 Apr 29;12(5): PMID: 34834493; PMCID: PMC8622150.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Unique Abnormalities and Targeted Treatments
Scientific Articles
Frye RE. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Unique Abnormalities and Targeted Treatments. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2020 Oct;35:100829. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2020.100829. Epub 2020 Jun 23. PMID: 32892956.
Evaluation of the Cunningham Panel™ in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): Changes in antineuronal antibody titers parallel changes in
Scientific Articles
Shimasaki C, Frye RE, Trifiletti R, Cooperstock M, Kaplan G, Melamed I, Greenberg R, Katz A, Fier E, Kem D, Traver D, Dempsey T, Latimer ME, Cross A, Dunn JP, Bentley R, Alvarez K, Reim S, Appleman J. Evaluation of the Cunningham Panel™ in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): Changes in antineuronal antibody titers parallel changes in patient symptoms. J Neuroimmunol. 2020 Feb 15;339:577138. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577138. Epub 2019 Dec 15. PMID: 31884258.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Inducible in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines From Children With Autism and May Involve the TORC1 Pathway
Scientific Articles
Bennuri SC, Rose S, Frye RE. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Inducible in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines From Children With Autism and May Involve the TORC1 Pathway. Front Psychiatry. 2019 May 7;10:269. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00269. PMID: 31133888; PMCID: PMC6514096.
Nuclear Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) as Therapeutic Targets of Resveratrol for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Scientific Articles
Barone R, Rizzo R, Tabbì G, Malaguarnera M, Frye RE, Bastin J. Nuclear Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) as Therapeutic Targets of Resveratrol for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Apr 16;20(8):1878. doi: 10.3390/ijms20081878. PMID: 30995737; PMCID: PMC6515064.
Rating of the Effectiveness of 26 Psychiatric and Seizure Medications for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results of a National Survey
Scientific Articles
Coleman DM, Adams JB, Anderson AL, Frye RE. Rating of the Effectiveness of 26 Psychiatric and Seizure Medications for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results of a National Survey. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2019 Mar;29(2):107-123. doi: 10.1089/cap.2018.0121. Epub 2019 Feb 6. PMID: 30724573; PMCID: PMC6442266.
Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Scientific Articles
Rose S, Niyazov DM, Rossignol DA, Goldenthal M, Kahler SG, Frye RE. Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mol Diagn Ther. 2018 Oct;22(5):571-593. doi: 10.1007/s40291-018-0352-x. PMID: 30039193; PMCID: PMC6132446.
Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of autoimmune encephalopathy in children with autism
Scientific Articles
Connery K, Tippett M, Delhey LM, Rose S, Slattery JC, Kahler SG, Hahn J, Kruger U, Cunningham MW, Shimasaki C, Frye RE. Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of autoimmune encephalopathy in children with autism. Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 10;8(1):148. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0214-7. PMID: 30097568; PMCID: PMC6086890.
Social Skills Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Biological Origins and Progress in Developing Therapeutic Agents
Scientific Articles
Frye RE. Social Skills Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Biological Origins and Progress in Developing Therapeutic Agents. CNS Drugs. 2018 Aug;32(8):713-734. doi: 10.1007/s40263-018-0556-y. PMID: 30105528; PMCID: PMC6105175.
Comparison of Treatment for Metabolic Disorders Associated with Autism:Reanalysis of Three Clinical Trials
Scientific Articles
Delhey LM, Tippett M, Rose S, Bennuri SC, Slattery JC, Melnyk S, James SJ, Frye RE. Comparison of Treatment for Metabolic Disorders Associated with Autism:Reanalysis of Three Clinical Trials. Front Neurosci. 2018 Feb 12;12:19. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00019. PMID: 29483858; PMCID: PMC5816043.
Folinic acid improves verbal communication in children with autism and language impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Slattery J, Delhey L, Furgerson B, Strickland T, Tippett M, Sailey A, Wynne R, Rose S, Melnyk S, Jill James S, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV. Folinic acid improves verbal communication in children with autism and language impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Mol Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;23(2):247-256. doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.168. Epub 2016 Oct 18. PMID: 27752075; PMCID: PMC5794882.
Patient care standards for primary mitochondrial disease: a consensus statement from the Mitochondrial Medicine Society
Scientific Articles
Parikh S, Goldstein A, Karaa A, Koenig MK, Anselm I, Brunel-Guitton C, Christodoulou J, Cohen BH, Dimmock D, Enns GM, Falk MJ, Feigenbaum A, Frye RE, Ganesh J, Griesemer D, Haas R, Horvath R, Korson M, Kruer MC, Mancuso M, McCormack S, Raboisson MJ, Reimschisel T, Salvarinova R, Saneto RP, Scaglia F, Shoffner J, Stacpoole PW, Sue CM, Tarnopolsky M, Van Karnebeek C, Wolfe LA, Cunningham ZZ, Rahman S, Chinnery PF. Patient care standards for primary mitochondrial disease: a consensus statement from the Mitochondrial Medicine Society. Genet Med. 2017 Dec;19(12):10.1038/gim.2017.107. doi: 10.1038/gim.2017.107. Epub 2017 Jul 27. PMID: 28749475; PMCID: PMC7804217.
Autistic Siblings with Novel Mutations in Two Different Genes: Insight for Genetic Workups of Autistic Siblings and Connection to Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Scientific Articles
Burger BJ, Rose S, Bennuri SC, et al. Autistic Siblings with Novel Mutations in Two Different Genes: Insight for Genetic Workups of Autistic Siblings and Connection to Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2017 ;5:219. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00219. PMID: 29075622; PMCID: PMC5643424.
The Effect of Mitochondrial Supplements on Mitochondrial Activity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Scientific Articles
Delhey, L.M.; Nur Kilinc, E.; Yin, L.; Slattery, J.C.; Tippett, M.L.; Rose, S.; Bennuri, S.C.; Kahler, S.G.; Damle, S.; Legido, A.; Goldenthal, M.J.; Frye, R.E. The Effect of Mitochondrial Supplements on Mitochondrial Activity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J. Clin. Med. 2017, 6, 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm6020018
Mitochondrial and redox abnormalities in autism lymphoblastoid cells: a sibling control study
Scientific Articles
Rose S, Bennuri SC, Wynne R, Melnyk S, James SJ, Frye RE. Mitochondrial and redox abnormalities in autism lymphoblastoid cells: a sibling control study. FASEB J. 2017 Mar;31(3):904-909. doi: 10.1096/fj.201601004R. Epub 2016 Nov 18. PMID: 27864377; PMCID: PMC5354548.
Mitochondrial and redox abnormalities in autism lymphoblastoid cells: a sibling control study
Scientific Articles
Rose S, Bennuri SC, Wynne R, Melnyk S, James SJ, Frye RE. Mitochondrial and redox abnormalities in autism lymphoblastoid cells: a sibling control study. FASEB J. 2017 Mar;31(3):904-909. doi: 10.1096/fj.201601004R. Epub 2016 Nov 18. PMID: 27864377; PMCID: PMC5354548.
The Significance of the Enteric Microbiome on the Development of Childhood Disease: A Review of Prebiotic and Probiotic Therapies in Disorders of Childhood
Scientific Articles
Slattery J, MacFabe DF, Frye RE. The Significance of the Enteric Microbiome on the Development of Childhood Disease: A Review of Prebiotic and Probiotic Therapies in Disorders of Childhood. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2016 Oct 9;10:91-107. doi: 10.4137/CMPed.S38338. PMID: 27774001; PMCID: PMC5063840.
Primary Mitochondrial Disease and Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Importance of Distinction for Diagnosis and Treatment
Scientific Articles
Niyazov DM, Kahler SG, Frye RE. Primary Mitochondrial Disease and Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Importance of Distinction for Diagnosis and Treatment. Mol Syndromol. 2016 Jul;7(3):122-37. doi: 10.1159/000446586. Epub 2016 Jun 3. PMID: 27587988; PMCID: PMC4988248.
Identification and Treatment of Pathophysiological Comorbidities of Autism Spectrum Disorder to Achieve Optimal Outcomes
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Rossignol DA. Identification and Treatment of Pathophysiological Comorbidities of Autism Spectrum Disorder to Achieve Optimal Outcomes. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2016 Jun 15;10:43-56. doi: 10.4137/CMPed.S38337. PMID: 27330338; PMCID: PMC4910649.
Neuropathological Mechanisms of Seizures in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Casanova MF, Fatemi SH, Folsom TD, Reutiman TJ, Brown GL, Edelson SM, Slattery JC, Adams JB. Neuropathological Mechanisms of Seizures in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci. 2016 May 10;10:192. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00192. PMID: 27242398; PMCID: PMC4861974.
Enteric Ecosystem Disruption in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Can the Microbiota and Macrobiota be Restored?
Scientific Articles
Slattery J, MacFabe DF, Kahler SG, Frye RE. Enteric Ecosystem Disruption in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Can the Microbiota and Macrobiota be Restored? Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(40):6107-6121. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666160905123953. PMID: 27592717.
Treatment for Sleep Problems in Children with Autism and Caregiver Spillover Effects
Scientific Articles
Tilford JM, Payakachat N, Kuhlthau KA, Pyne JM, Kovacs E, Bellando J, Williams DK, Brouwer WB, Frye RE. Treatment for Sleep Problems in Children with Autism and Caregiver Spillover Effects. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015 Nov;45(11):3613-23. doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2507-5. PMID: 26126749; PMCID: PMC4609586.
Approaches to studying and manipulating the enteric microbiome to improve autism symptoms
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Slattery J, MacFabe DF, Allen-Vercoe E, Parker W, Rodakis J, Adams JB, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Bolte E, Kahler S, Jennings J, James J, Cerniglia CE, Midtvedt T. Approaches to studying and manipulating the enteric microbiome to improve autism symptoms. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2015 May 7;26:26878. doi: 10.3402/mehd.v26.26878. PMID: 25956237; PMCID: PMC4425814.
Treatments for biomedical abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Rossignol DA. Treatments for biomedical abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder. Front Pediatr. 2014 Jun 27;2:66. doi: 10.3389/fped.2014.00066. PMID: 25019065; PMCID: PMC4073259.
Clinical potential, safety, and tolerability of arbaclofen in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder
Scientific Articles
Frye RE. Clinical potential, safety, and tolerability of arbaclofen in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder. Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2014 May 10;6:69-76. doi: 10.2147/DHPS.S39595. PMID: 24872724; PMCID: PMC4025936.
Effectiveness of methylcobalamin and folinic Acid treatment on adaptive behavior in children with autistic disorder is related to glutathione redox status
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Melnyk S, Fuchs G, Reid T, Jernigan S, Pavliv O, Hubanks A, Gaylor DW, Walters L, James SJ. Effectiveness of methylcobalamin and folinic Acid treatment on adaptive behavior in children with autistic disorder is related to glutathione redox status. Autism Res Treat. 2013;2013:609705. doi: 10.1155/2013/609705. Epub 2013 Oct 12. PMID: 24224089; PMCID: PMC3810468.
A review of traditional and novel treatments for seizures in autism spectrum disorder: findings from a systematic review and expert panel
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Rossignol D, Casanova MF, Brown GL, Martin V, Edelson S, Coben R, Lewine J, Slattery JC, Lau C, Hardy P, Fatemi SH, Folsom TD, Macfabe D, Adams JB. A review of traditional and novel treatments for seizures in autism spectrum disorder: findings from a systematic review and expert panel. Front Public Health. 2013 Sep 13;1:31. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2013.00031. PMID: 24350200; PMCID: PMC3859980.
Redox Metabolism Abnormalities in Autistic Children Associated with Mitochondrial Disease
Scientific Articles
Frye, R., DeLaTorre, R., Taylor, H. et al. Redox metabolism abnormalities in autistic children associated with mitochondrial disease. Transl Psychiatry 3, e273 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2013.51
Metabolic effects of sapropterin treatment in autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, DeLatorre R, Taylor HB, Slattery J, Melnyk S, Chowdhury N, James SJ. Metabolic effects of sapropterin treatment in autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study. Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Mar 5;3(3):e237. doi: 10.1038/tp.2013.14. PMID: 23462988; PMCID: PMC3625913.
Cerebral folate receptor autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV, James SJ, Rossignol DA. Cerebral folate receptor autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Mar;18(3):369-81. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.175. Epub 2012 Jan 10. PMID: 22230883; PMCID: PMC3578948.
Melatonin in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Scientific Articles
Rossignol DA, Frye RE. Melatonin in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 Sep;53(9):783-792. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03980.x. Epub 2011 Apr 19. PMID: 21518346.
Traditional and non-traditional treatments for autism spectrum disorder with seizures: an on-line survey
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Sreenivasula S, Adams JB. Traditional and non-traditional treatments for autism spectrum disorder with seizures: an on-line survey. BMC Pediatr. 2011 May 18;11:37. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-11-37. PMID: 21592359; PMCID: PMC3123184.
Tetrahydrobiopterin as a novel therapeutic intervention for autism
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Huffman LC, Elliott GR. Tetrahydrobiopterin as a novel therapeutic intervention for autism. Neurotherapeutics. 2010 Jul;7(3):241-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nurt.2010.05.004. PMID: 20643376; PMCID: PMC2908599.
Electroencephalogram discharges in atypical cognitive development
Scientific Articles
Frye RE, Butler I, Strickland D, Castillo E, Papanicolaou A. Electroencephalogram discharges in atypical cognitive development. J Child Neurol. 2010 May;25(5):556-66. doi: 10.1177/0883073809344743. Epub 2010 Mar 18. PMID: 20299700; PMCID: PMC2896832.
