Hill, Z.; McCarty, P.J.; Boles, R.G.; Frye, R.E. A Mitochondrial Supplement Improves Function and Mitochondrial Activity in Autism: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Trial. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 2479.
Castro K, Frye RE, Silva E, Vasconcelos C, Hoffmann L, Riesgo R, Vaz J. 3 2024. Journal of Personalized Medicine.; 14(8):823.
Frye RE, Rincon N, Mccarty PJ, Brister D, Scheck AC, Rossignol DA. Neurobiology of Disease. 3 May 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106520
Frye RE, Mccarty PJ, Werner BA, Rose S, Scheck A. Front. Physiol. Sec. Mitochondrial Research. Vol 15 -2024. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1306038
Wells, L.; O’Hara, N.; Frye, R.E.; Hullavard, N.; Smith, E. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 166.
Frye RE, McCarty PJ, Werner BA, Scheck AC, Collins HL, Adelman SJ, Rossignol DA, Quadros EV. J Pers Med. 1 Jan 2024.
Omri Bar , Elizabeth Vahey , Mark Mintz , Richard E. Frye , Richard G. Boles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18 Jan 2024.
Omri Bar , Elizabeth Vahey , Mark Mintz , Richard E. Frye , Richard G. Boles. Preprints.org. 14 Aug 2023.
Frye, R.E.; Nanda, H.; Pleasure, S.J.; Casanova, M.F.; Boles, R.G.; Lewine, J.; Gaitanis, J.; Adams, J.B. Synchrony 2022: Epilepsy and Seizures in Autism Spectrum Disorder Roundtable. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 557. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030557
Frye, R.E.; Nanda, H.; Pleasure, S.J.; Casanova, M.F.; Boles, R.G.; Lewine, J.; Gaitanis, J.; Adams, J.B. Synchrony 2022: Epilepsy and Seizures in Autism Spectrum Disorder Roundtable. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 557. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030557
Senarathne, U.D.; Indika, N.-L.R.; Jezela-Stanek, A.; Ciara, E.; Frye, R.E.; Chen, C.; Stepien, K.M. Biochemical, Genetic and Clinical Diagnostic Approaches to Autism-Associated Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Genes 2023, 14, 803. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14040803
Frye RE, Lane A, Worner A, Werner BA, McCarty PJ, Scheck AC, Collins HL, Adelman SJ, Quadros EV, Rossignol DA. The Soluble Folate Receptor in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Relation to Autism Severity and Leucovorin Treatment. J Pers Med. 2022 Dec 8;12(12):2033. doi: 10.3390/jpm12122033. PMID: 36556254; PMCID: PMC9786140.
Jyonouchi, H.; Geng, L.; Rossignol, D.A.; Frye, R.E. Long COVID Syndrome Presenting as Neuropsychiatric Exacerbations in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights for Treatment. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 1815. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111815
Frye RE, Cakir J, McCarty PJ, Rose S, Delhey LM, Palmer RF, Austin C, Curtin P, Yitshak-Sade M, Arora M. Air Pollution and Maximum Temperature Are Associated with Neurodevelopmental Regressive Events in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med. 2022 Nov 1;12(11):1809. doi: 10.3390/jpm12111809. PMID: 36579525; PMCID: PMC9696106.
Brister D, Rose S, Delhey L, Tippett M, Jin Y, Gu H, Frye RE. Metabolomic Signatures of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med. 2022 Oct 17;12(10):1727. doi: 10.3390/jpm12101727. PMID: 36294866; PMCID: PMC9604590.
Brister D, Rose S, Delhey L, Tippett M, Jin Y, Gu H, Frye RE. Metabolomic Signatures of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med. 2022 Oct 17;12(10):1727. doi: 10.3390/jpm12101727. PMID: 36294866; PMCID: PMC9604590.
Voinsky, I.; Zoabi, Y.; Shomron, N.; Harel, M.; Cassuto, H.; Tam, J.; Rose, S.; Scheck, A.C.; Karim, M.A.; Frye, R.E.; Aran, A.; Gurwitz, D. Blood RNA Sequencing Indicates Upregulated BATF2 and LY6E and Downregulated ISG15 and MT2A Expression in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 9843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179843
Jensen AR, Lane AL, Werner BA, McLees SE, Fletcher TS, Frye RE. Modern Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Future Directions. Mol Diagn Ther. 2022 Sep;26(5):483-495. doi: 10.1007/s40291-022-00600-7. Epub 2022 Jun 27. PMID: 35759118; PMCID: PMC9411091.
Rossignol DA, Frye RE. Cerebral Folate Deficiency, Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies and Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med. 2021 Nov 3;11(11):1141. doi: 10.3390/jpm11111141. Erratum in: J Pers Med. 2022 Apr 29;12(5): PMID: 34834493; PMCID: PMC8622150.
Brister D, Werner BA, Gideon G, McCarty PJ, Lane A, Burrows BT, McLees S, Adelson PD, Arango JI, Marsh W, Flores A, Pankratz MT, Ly NH, Flood M, Brown D, Carpentieri D, Jin Y, Gu H, Frye RE. Central Nervous System Metabolism in Autism, Epilepsy and Developmental Delays: A Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis. Metabolites. 2022 Apr 20;12(5):371. doi: 10.3390/metabo12050371. PMID: 35629876; PMCID: PMC9148155.
Gill, P.S.; Dweep, H.; Rose, S.; Wickramasinghe, P.J.; Vyas, K.K.; McCullough, S.; Porter-Gill, P.A.; Frye, R.E. Integrated microRNA–mRNA Expression Profiling Identifies Novel Targets and Networks Associated with Autism. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060920
Werner BA, McCarty PJ, Lane AL, Singh I, Karim MA, Rose S, Frye RE. Time dependent changes in the bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells: processing time, collection tubes and cryopreservation effects. Am J Transl Res. 2022 Mar 15;14(3):1628-1639. PMID: 35422946; PMCID: PMC8991115.
Frye RE. A Personalized Multidisciplinary Approach to Evaluating and Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med. 2022 Mar 14;12(3):464. doi: 10.3390/jpm12030464. PMID: 35330464; PMCID: PMC8949394.
Berry-Kravis E, Filipink RA, Frye RE, Golla S, Morris SM, Andrews H, Choo TH, Kaufmann WE; FORWARD Consortium. Seizures in Fragile X Syndrome: Associations and Longitudinal Analysis of a Large Clinic-Based Cohort. Front Pediatr. 2021 Dec 30;9:736255. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.736255. PMID: 35036394; PMCID: PMC8756611.
Foldes ST, Jensen AR, Jacobson A, Vassall S, Foldes E, Guthery A, Brown D, Levine T, Tyler WJ, Frye RE. Transdermal Electrical Neuromodulation for Anxiety and Sleep Problems in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Feasibility and Preliminary Findings. J Pers Med. 2021 Dec 6;11(12):1307. doi: 10.3390/jpm11121307. PMID: 34945779; PMCID: PMC8704341.
Adams, J.B.; Bhargava, A.; Coleman, D.M.; Frye, R.E.; Rossignol, D.A. Ratings of the Effectiveness of Nutraceuticals for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Results of a National Survey. J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11090878
Frye RE, Lionnard L, Singh I, Karim MA, Chajra H, Frechet M, Kissa K, Racine V, Ammanamanchi A, McCarty PJ, Delhey L, Tippett M, Rose S, Aouacheria A. Mitochondrial morphology is associated with respiratory chain uncoupling in autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2021 Oct 13;11(1):527. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01647-6. PMID: 34645790; PMCID: PMC8514530.
McCarty PJ, Pines AR, Sussman BL, Wyckoff SN, Jensen A, Bunch R, Boerwinkle VL, Frye RE. Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Elucidates Neurotransmitter Deficiency in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med. 2021 Sep 28;11(10):969. doi: 10.3390/jpm11100969. PMID: 34683111; PMCID: PMC8537605.
McCarty PJ, Pines AR, Sussman BL, Wyckoff SN, Jensen A, Bunch R, Boerwinkle VL, Frye RE. Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Elucidates Neurotransmitter Deficiency in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med. 2021 Sep 28;11(10):969. doi: 10.3390/jpm11100969. PMID: 34683111; PMCID: PMC8537605.
Rossignol DA, Frye RE. The Effectiveness of Cobalamin (B12) Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med. 2021 Aug 11;11(8):784. doi: 10.3390/jpm11080784. PMID: 34442428; PMCID: PMC8400809.
Frye RE, Rose S, McCullough S, Bennuri SC, Porter-Gill PA, Dweep H, Gill PS. MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role for miR-181 in Immunomodulation. J Pers Med. 2021 Sep 17;11(9):922. doi: 10.3390/jpm11090922. PMID: 34575699; PMCID: PMC8469245.
Pines AR, Sussman B, Wyckoff SN, McCarty PJ, Bunch R, Frye RE, Boerwinkle VL. Locked-in Intact Functional Networks in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study. J Pers Med. 2021 Aug 28;11(9):854. doi: 10.3390/jpm11090854. PMID: 34575631; PMCID: PMC8465896.
Rossignol DA, Frye RE. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Immunoglobulin G Abnormalities and the Therapeutic Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG) in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med. 2021 May 30;11(6):488. doi: 10.3390/jpm11060488. PMID: 34070826; PMCID: PMC8229039.
Frye RE, Cakir J, Rose S, Palmer RF, Austin C, Curtin P. Physiological mediators of prenatal environmental influences in autism spectrum disorder. Bioessays. 2021 Sep;43(9):e2000307. doi: 10.1002/bies.202000307. Epub 2021 Jul 14. PMID: 34260745.
Barone R, Bastin J, Djouadi F, Singh I, Karim MA, Ammanamanchi A, McCarty PJ, Delhey L, Shannon R, Casabona A, Rizzo R, Frye RE. Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Resveratrol Effect in Fibroblasts from Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med. 2021 Jun 4;11(6):510. doi: 10.3390/jpm11060510. PMID: 34199819; PMCID: PMC8229571.
Frye RE, Vassall S, Kaur G, Lewis C, Karim M, Rossignol D. Emerging biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Ann Transl Med. 2019 Dec;7(23):792. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.53. PMID: 32042808; PMCID: PMC6989979.
Zimmerman AW, Singh K, Connors SL, Liu H, Panjwani AA, Lee LC, Diggins E, Foley A, Melnyk S, Singh IN, James SJ, Frye RE, Fahey JW. Randomized controlled trial of sulforaphane and metabolite discovery in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mol Autism. 2021 May 25;12(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s13229-021-00447-5. Erratum in: Mol Autism. 2021 Jun 16;12(1):44. PMID: 34034808; PMCID: PMC8146218.
Frye RE, Cakir J, Rose S, Palmer RF, Austin C, Curtin P, Arora M. Mitochondria May Mediate Prenatal Environmental Influences in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med. 2021 Mar 18;11(3):218. doi: 10.3390/jpm11030218. PMID: 33803789; PMCID: PMC8003154.
Rossignol DA, Frye RE. Cerebral Folate Deficiency, Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies and Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med. 2021 Nov 3;11(11):1141. doi: 10.3390/jpm11111141. Erratum in: J Pers Med. 2022 Apr 29;12(5): PMID: 34834493; PMCID: PMC8622150.
Frye RE, Cakir J, Rose S, Delhey L, Bennuri SC, Tippett M, Melnyk S, James SJ, Palmer RF, Austin C, Curtin P, Arora M. Prenatal air pollution influences neurodevelopment and behavior in autism spectrum disorder by modulating mitochondrial physiology. Mol Psychiatry. 2021 May;26(5):1561-1577. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-00885-2. Epub 2020 Sep 22. PMID: 32963337; PMCID: PMC8159748.
Frye RE, Cakir J, Rose S, Delhey L, Bennuri SC, Tippett M, Palmer RF, Austin C, Curtin P, Arora M. Early life metal exposure dysregulates cellular bioenergetics in children with regressive autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2020 Jul 7;10(1):223. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-00905-3. PMID: 32636364; PMCID: PMC7341836.
Frye RE. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Unique Abnormalities and Targeted Treatments. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2020 Oct;35:100829. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2020.100829. Epub 2020 Jun 23. PMID: 32892956.
Singh K, Singh IN, Diggins E, Connors SL, Karim MA, Lee D, Zimmerman AW, Frye RE. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2020 May;7(5):683-694. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51034. Epub 2020 Apr 28. PMID: 32343046; PMCID: PMC7261756.
Shimasaki C, Frye RE, Trifiletti R, Cooperstock M, Kaplan G, Melamed I, Greenberg R, Katz A, Fier E, Kem D, Traver D, Dempsey T, Latimer ME, Cross A, Dunn JP, Bentley R, Alvarez K, Reim S, Appleman J. Evaluation of the Cunningham Panel™ in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): Changes in antineuronal antibody titers parallel changes in patient symptoms. J Neuroimmunol. 2020 Feb 15;339:577138. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577138. Epub 2019 Dec 15. PMID: 31884258.
Voinsky, I., Bennuri, S.C., Svigals, J. et al. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Oxytocin and Vasopressin Receptor Expression Positively Correlates with Social and Behavioral Function in Children with Autism. Sci Rep 9, 13443 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49617-9
Harville T, Rhodes-Clark B, Bennuri SC, Delhey L, Slattery J, Tippett M, Wynne R, Rose S, Kahler S, Frye RE. Inheritance of HLA-Cw7 Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Front Psychiatry. 2019 Sep 11;10:612. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00612. PMID: 31572230; PMCID: PMC6749146.
Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Toruner GA, Rose S, Bennuri SC, Frye RE. Serum microRNAs in ASD: Association With Monocyte Cytokine Profiles and Mitochondrial Respiration. Front Psychiatry. 2019 Sep 10;10:614. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00614. PMID: 31551826; PMCID: PMC6748029.
Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Toruner GA, Rose S, Bennuri SC, Frye RE. Serum microRNAs in ASD: Association With Monocyte Cytokine Profiles and Mitochondrial Respiration. Front Psychiatry. 2019 Sep 10;10:614. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00614. PMID: 31551826; PMCID: PMC6748029.
Rose S, Carvalho E, Diaz EC, Cotter M, Bennuri SC, Azhar G, Frye RE, Adams SH, Børsheim E. A comparative study of mitochondrial respiration in circulating blood cells and skeletal muscle fibers in women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Sep 1;317(3):E503-E512. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00084.2019. Epub 2019 Jun 18. PMID: 31211617.
Bennuri SC, Rose S, Frye RE. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Inducible in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines From Children With Autism and May Involve the TORC1 Pathway. Front Psychiatry. 2019 May 7;10:269. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00269. PMID: 31133888; PMCID: PMC6514096.
Barone R, Rizzo R, Tabbì G, Malaguarnera M, Frye RE, Bastin J. Nuclear Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) as Therapeutic Targets of Resveratrol for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Apr 16;20(8):1878. doi: 10.3390/ijms20081878. PMID: 30995737; PMCID: PMC6515064.
Frye RE, Shimasaki C. Reliability of the Cunningham Panel. Translational Psychiatry. 2019 Apr;9(1):129. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0462-1. PMID: 30962420; PMCID: PMC6453973.
Coleman DM, Adams JB, Anderson AL, Frye RE. Rating of the Effectiveness of 26 Psychiatric and Seizure Medications for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results of a National Survey. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2019 Mar;29(2):107-123. doi: 10.1089/cap.2018.0121. Epub 2019 Feb 6. PMID: 30724573; PMCID: PMC6442266.
Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Rose S, Bennuri SC, Frye RE. Variations in Mitochondrial Respiration Differ in IL-1ß/IL-10 Ratio Based Subgroups in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2019 Feb 20;10:71. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00071. PMID: 30842746; PMCID: PMC6391925.
Barone R, Alaimo S, Messina M, Pulvirenti A, Bastin J; MIMIC-Autism Group; Ferro A, Frye RE, Rizzo R. A Subset of Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorders Show a Distinctive Metabolic Profile by Dried Blood Spot Analyses. Front Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 7;9:636. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00636. PMID: 30581393; PMCID: PMC6292950.
Rose S, Niyazov DM, Rossignol DA, Goldenthal M, Kahler SG, Frye RE. Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mol Diagn Ther. 2018 Oct;22(5):571-593. doi: 10.1007/s40291-018-0352-x. PMID: 30039193; PMCID: PMC6132446.
Connery K, Tippett M, Delhey LM, Rose S, Slattery JC, Kahler SG, Hahn J, Kruger U, Cunningham MW, Shimasaki C, Frye RE. Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of autoimmune encephalopathy in children with autism. Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 10;8(1):148. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0214-7. PMID: 30097568; PMCID: PMC6086890.
Frye RE. Social Skills Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Biological Origins and Progress in Developing Therapeutic Agents. CNS Drugs. 2018 Aug;32(8):713-734. doi: 10.1007/s40263-018-0556-y. PMID: 30105528; PMCID: PMC6105175.
Howsmon DP, Vargason T, Rubin RA, Delhey L, Tippett M, Rose S, Bennuri SC, Slattery JC, Melnyk S, James SJ, Frye RE, Hahn J. Multivariate techniques enable a biochemical classification of children with autism spectrum disorder versus typically-developing peers: A comparison and validation study. Bioeng Transl Med. 2018 Jun 19;3(2):156-165. doi: 10.1002/btm2.10095. PMID: 30065970; PMCID: PMC6063877.
Delhey LM, Tippett M, Rose S, Bennuri SC, Slattery JC, Melnyk S, James SJ, Frye RE. Comparison of Treatment for Metabolic Disorders Associated with Autism:Reanalysis of Three Clinical Trials. Front Neurosci. 2018 Feb 12;12:19. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00019. PMID: 29483858; PMCID: PMC5816043.
Rose S, Bennuri SC, Davis JE, Wynne R, Slattery JC, Tippett M, Delhey L, Melnyk S, Kahler SG, MacFabe DF, Frye RE. Butyrate enhances mitochondrial function during oxidative stress in cell lines from boys with autism. Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Feb 2;8(1):42. doi: 10.1038/s41398-017-0089-z. PMID: 29391397; PMCID: PMC5804031.
Frye RE, Slattery J, Delhey L, Furgerson B, Strickland T, Tippett M, Sailey A, Wynne R, Rose S, Melnyk S, Jill James S, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV. Folinic acid improves verbal communication in children with autism and language impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Mol Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;23(2):247-256. doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.168. Epub 2016 Oct 18. PMID: 27752075; PMCID: PMC5794882.
Frye RE, Nankova B, Bhattacharyya S, Rose S, Bennuri SC, MacFabe DF. Front Immunol. 2017 Dec 22;8:1670. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01670. PMID: 29312285; PMCID: PMC5744079.
Parikh S, Goldstein A, Karaa A, Koenig MK, Anselm I, Brunel-Guitton C, Christodoulou J, Cohen BH, Dimmock D, Enns GM, Falk MJ, Feigenbaum A, Frye RE, Ganesh J, Griesemer D, Haas R, Horvath R, Korson M, Kruer MC, Mancuso M, McCormack S, Raboisson MJ, Reimschisel T, Salvarinova R, Saneto RP, Scaglia F, Shoffner J, Stacpoole PW, Sue CM, Tarnopolsky M, Van Karnebeek C, Wolfe LA, Cunningham ZZ, Rahman S, Chinnery PF. Patient care standards for primary mitochondrial disease: a consensus statement from the Mitochondrial Medicine Society. Genet Med. 2017 Dec;19(12):10.1038/gim.2017.107. doi: 10.1038/gim.2017.107. Epub 2017 Jul 27. PMID: 28749475; PMCID: PMC7804217.
Rose S, Bennuri SC, Murray KF, Buie T, Winter H, Frye RE. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the gastrointestinal mucosa of children with autism: A blinded case-control study. PLoS One. 2017 Oct 13;12(10):e0186377. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186377. PMID: 29028817; PMCID: PMC5640251.
Burger BJ, Rose S, Bennuri SC, et al. Autistic Siblings with Novel Mutations in Two Different Genes: Insight for Genetic Workups of Autistic Siblings and Connection to Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2017 ;5:219. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00219. PMID: 29075622; PMCID: PMC5643424.
Delhey L, Kilinc EN, Yin L, Slattery J, Tippett M, Wynne R, Rose S, Kahler S, Damle S, Legido A, Goldenthal MJ, Frye RE. Bioenergetic variation is related to autism symptomatology. Metab Brain Dis. 2017 Dec;32(6):2021-2031. doi: 10.1007/s11011-017-0087-0. Epub 2017 Aug 29. PMID: 28852932; PMCID: PMC5681971.
Khemakhem, A.M., Frye, R.E., El-Ansary, A. et al. Novel biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction is autism spectrum disorder: potential for biological diagnostic markers. Metab Brain Dis 32, 1983–1997 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0085-2
Frye RE, Slattery JC, Quadros EV. Folate metabolism abnormalities in autism: potential biomarkers. Biomark Med. 2017 Aug;11(8):687-699. doi: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0109. Epub 2017 Aug 3. PMID: 28770615.
Frye, R.E., Rose, S., Wynne, R. et al. Oxidative Stress Challenge Uncovers Trichloroacetaldehyde Hydrate-Induced Mitoplasticity in Autistic and Control Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines. Sci Rep 7, 4478 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04821-3
Frye, R.E., Rose, S., Wynne, R. et al. Oxidative Stress Challenge Uncovers Trichloroacetaldehyde Hydrate-Induced Mitoplasticity in Autistic and Control Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines. Sci Rep 7, 4478 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04821-3
Delhey, L.M.; Nur Kilinc, E.; Yin, L.; Slattery, J.C.; Tippett, M.L.; Rose, S.; Bennuri, S.C.; Kahler, S.G.; Damle, S.; Legido, A.; Goldenthal, M.J.; Frye, R.E. The Effect of Mitochondrial Supplements on Mitochondrial Activity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J. Clin. Med. 2017, 6, 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm6020018
Rose S, Bennuri SC, Wynne R, Melnyk S, James SJ, Frye RE. Mitochondrial and redox abnormalities in autism lymphoblastoid cells: a sibling control study. FASEB J. 2017 Mar;31(3):904-909. doi: 10.1096/fj.201601004R. Epub 2016 Nov 18. PMID: 27864377; PMCID: PMC5354548.
Frye RE, Rose S, Chacko J, Wynne R, Bennuri SC, Slattery JC, Tippett M, Delhey L, Melnyk S, Kahler SG, MacFabe DF. Modulation of mitochondrial function by the microbiome metabolite propionic acid in autism and control cell lines. Transl Psychiatry. 2016 Oct 25;6(10):e927. doi: 10.1038/tp.2016.189. PMID: 27779624; PMCID: PMC5290345.
Rose S, Bennuri SC, Wynne R, Melnyk S, James SJ, Frye RE. Mitochondrial and redox abnormalities in autism lymphoblastoid cells: a sibling control study. FASEB J. 2017 Mar;31(3):904-909. doi: 10.1096/fj.201601004R. Epub 2016 Nov 18. PMID: 27864377; PMCID: PMC5354548.
Slattery J, MacFabe DF, Frye RE. The Significance of the Enteric Microbiome on the Development of Childhood Disease: A Review of Prebiotic and Probiotic Therapies in Disorders of Childhood. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2016 Oct 9;10:91-107. doi: 10.4137/CMPed.S38338. PMID: 27774001; PMCID: PMC5063840.
Niyazov DM, Kahler SG, Frye RE. Primary Mitochondrial Disease and Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Importance of Distinction for Diagnosis and Treatment. Mol Syndromol. 2016 Jul;7(3):122-37. doi: 10.1159/000446586. Epub 2016 Jun 3. PMID: 27587988; PMCID: PMC4988248.
Frye RE, Rossignol DA. Identification and Treatment of Pathophysiological Comorbidities of Autism Spectrum Disorder to Achieve Optimal Outcomes. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2016 Jun 15;10:43-56. doi: 10.4137/CMPed.S38337. PMID: 27330338; PMCID: PMC4910649.
Frye RE, Casanova MF, Fatemi SH, Folsom TD, Reutiman TJ, Brown GL, Edelson SM, Slattery JC, Adams JB. Neuropathological Mechanisms of Seizures in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci. 2016 May 10;10:192. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00192. PMID: 27242398; PMCID: PMC4861974.
Frye, R., Cox, D., Slattery, J. et al. Mitochondrial Dysfunction may explain symptom variation in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. Sci Rep 6, 19544 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19544
Slattery J, MacFabe DF, Kahler SG, Frye RE. Enteric Ecosystem Disruption in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Can the Microbiota and Macrobiota be Restored? Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(40):6107-6121. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666160905123953. PMID: 27592717.
Tilford JM, Payakachat N, Kuhlthau KA, Pyne JM, Kovacs E, Bellando J, Williams DK, Brouwer WB, Frye RE. Treatment for Sleep Problems in Children with Autism and Caregiver Spillover Effects. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015 Nov;45(11):3613-23. doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2507-5. PMID: 26126749; PMCID: PMC4609586.
Hasan KM, Mwangi B, Cao B, Keser Z, Tustison NJ, Kochunov P, Frye RE, Savatic M, Soares J. Entorhinal Cortex Thickness across the Human Lifespan. J Neuroimaging. 2016 May;26(3):278-82. doi: 10.1111/jon.12297. Epub 2015 Oct 8. PMID: 26565394; PMCID: PMC4826319.
Frye RE. Metabolic and mitochondrial disorders associated with epilepsy in children with autism spectrum disorder. Epilepsy Behav. 2015 Jun;47:147-57. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.08.134. Epub 2014 Nov 4. PMID: 25440829.
Frye RE, Slattery J, MacFabe DF, Allen-Vercoe E, Parker W, Rodakis J, Adams JB, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Bolte E, Kahler S, Jennings J, James J, Cerniglia CE, Midtvedt T. Approaches to studying and manipulating the enteric microbiome to improve autism symptoms. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2015 May 7;26:26878. doi: 10.3402/mehd.v26.26878. PMID: 25956237; PMCID: PMC4425814.
Richard E. Frye, Shannon Rose, John Slattery & Derrick F. MacFabe (2015) Gastrointestinal dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: the role of the mitochondria and the enteric microbiome, Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 26:1, DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v26.27458
Frye RE, Rossignol DA. Treatments for biomedical abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder. Front Pediatr. 2014 Jun 27;2:66. doi: 10.3389/fped.2014.00066. PMID: 25019065; PMCID: PMC4073259.
Frye RE. Clinical potential, safety, and tolerability of arbaclofen in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder. Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2014 May 10;6:69-76. doi: 10.2147/DHPS.S39595. PMID: 24872724; PMCID: PMC4025936.
Rossignol DA, Frye RE. Evidence linking oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation in the brain of individuals with autism. Front Physiol. 2014 Apr 22;5:150. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00150. PMID: 24795645; PMCID: PMC4001006.
Rossignol DA, Genuis SJ, Frye RE. Environmental toxicants and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Feb 11;4(2):e360. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.4. PMID: 24518398; PMCID: PMC3944636.
Rose S, Frye RE, Slattery J, Wynne R, Tippett M, Pavliv O, Melnyk S, James SJ. Oxidative stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction in a subset of autism lymphoblastoid cell lines in a well-matched case control cohort. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 8;9(1):e85436. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085436. PMID: 24416410; PMCID: PMC3885720.
Rose S, Frye RE, Slattery J, Wynne R, Tippett M, Pavliv O, Melnyk S, James SJ. Oxidative stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction in a subset of autism lymphoblastoid cell lines in a well-matched case control cohort. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 8;9(1):e85436. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085436. PMID: 24416410; PMCID: PMC3885720.
Frye RE, Melnyk S, Fuchs G, Reid T, Jernigan S, Pavliv O, Hubanks A, Gaylor DW, Walters L, James SJ. Effectiveness of methylcobalamin and folinic Acid treatment on adaptive behavior in children with autistic disorder is related to glutathione redox status. Autism Res Treat. 2013;2013:609705. doi: 10.1155/2013/609705. Epub 2013 Oct 12. PMID: 24224089; PMCID: PMC3810468.
Frye RE, Rossignol D, Casanova MF, Brown GL, Martin V, Edelson S, Coben R, Lewine J, Slattery JC, Lau C, Hardy P, Fatemi SH, Folsom TD, Macfabe D, Adams JB. A review of traditional and novel treatments for seizures in autism spectrum disorder: findings from a systematic review and expert panel. Front Public Health. 2013 Sep 13;1:31. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2013.00031. PMID: 24350200; PMCID: PMC3859980.
Frye RE. A lack of statistical pitfalls in the comparison of multivariate causality measures for effective causality. Comput Biol Med. 2013 Aug 1;43(7):962-5. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.02.001. Epub 2013 Feb 26. PMID: 23485200.
Ellmore TM, Li H, Xue Z, Wong ST, Frye RE. Tract-based spatial statistics reveal altered relationship between non-verbal reasoning abilities and white matter integrity in autism spectrum disorder. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2013 Jul;19(6):723-8. doi: 10.1017/S1355617713000325. Epub 2013 Apr 8. PMID: 23561717.
Frye, R., DeLaTorre, R., Taylor, H. et al. Redox metabolism abnormalities in autistic children associated with mitochondrial disease. Transl Psychiatry 3, e273 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2013.51
Frye RE, DeLatorre R, Taylor HB, Slattery J, Melnyk S, Chowdhury N, James SJ. Metabolic effects of sapropterin treatment in autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study. Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Mar 5;3(3):e237. doi: 10.1038/tp.2013.14. PMID: 23462988; PMCID: PMC3625913.
Frye, R., Melnyk, S. & MacFabe, D. Unique acyl-carnitine profiles are potential biomarkers for acquired mitochondrial disease in autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 3, e220 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2012.143
Leon-Carrion J, Leon-Dominguez U, Pollonini L, Wu MH, Frye RE, Dominguez-Morales MR, Zouridakis G. Synchronization between the anterior and posterior cortex determines consciousness level in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Brain Res. 2012 Oct 2;1476:22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.03.055. Epub 2012 Mar 29. PMID: 22534483.
Li H, Xue Z, Ellmore TM, Frye RE, Wong ST. Network-based analysis reveals stronger local diffusion-based connectivity and different correlations with oral language skills in brains of children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Feb;35(2):396-413. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22185. Epub 2012 Sep 24. PMID: 23008187; PMCID: PMC6869619.
Frye RE, Liederman J, McGraw Fisher J, Wu MH. Laterality of temporoparietal causal connectivity during the prestimulus period correlates with phonological decoding task performance in dyslexic and typical readers. Cereb Cortex. 2012 Aug;22(8):1923-34. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr265. Epub 2011 Oct 6. PMID: 21980019; PMCID: PMC3394369.
Hasan KM, Walimuni IS, Frye RE. Global cerebral and regional multimodal neuroimaging markers of the neurobiology of autism: development and cognition. J Child Neurol. 2013 Jul;28(7):874-85. doi: 10.1177/0883073812452917. Epub 2012 Aug 16. PMID: 22899798.
Rossignol, D., Frye, R. Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 17, 290–314 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2010.136
Frye RE. Mitochondrial disease in 22q13 duplication syndrome. J Child Neurol. 2012 Jul;27(7):942-9. doi: 10.1177/0883073811429858. Epub 2012 Feb 28. PMID: 22378673.
Frye RE, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV, James SJ, Rossignol DA. Cerebral folate receptor autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Mar;18(3):369-81. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.175. Epub 2012 Jan 10. PMID: 22230883; PMCID: PMC3578948.
Rossignol, D.A., Frye, R.E. Substantial Problems with Measuring Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Autism Dev Disord 42, 640–642 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1276-z
Frye RE, Wu MH. Multichannel least-squares linear regression provides a fast, accurate, unbiased and robust estimation of Granger causality for neurophysiological data. Comput Biol Med. 2011 Dec;41(12):1118-31. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2011.04.012. PMID: 21640990.
Rossignol DA, Frye RE. A review of research trends in physiological abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders: immune dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and environmental toxicant exposures. Mol Psychiatry. 2012 Apr;17(4):389-401. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.165. Epub 2011 Dec 6. PMID: 22143005; PMCID: PMC3317062.
Rossignol DA, Frye RE. Melatonin in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 Sep;53(9):783-792. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03980.x. Epub 2011 Apr 19. PMID: 21518346.
Frye RE, Liederman J, Hasan KM, Lincoln A, Malmberg B, McLean J 3rd, Papanicolaou A. Diffusion tensor quantification of the relations between microstructural and macrostructural indices of white matter and reading. Hum Brain Mapp. 2011 Aug;32(8):1220-35. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21103. Epub 2010 Jul 27. PMID: 20665719; PMCID: PMC6869925.
Wu MH, Frye RE, Zouridakis G. A comparison of multivariate causality based measures of effective connectivity. Comput Biol Med. 2011 Dec;41(12):1132-41. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2011.06.007. Epub 2011 Jul 13. PMID: 21742321.
Frye RE, Sreenivasula S, Adams JB. Traditional and non-traditional treatments for autism spectrum disorder with seizures: an on-line survey. BMC Pediatr. 2011 May 18;11:37. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-11-37. PMID: 21592359; PMCID: PMC3123184.
Frye, R., Rossignol, D. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Can Connect the Diverse Medical Symptoms Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Pediatr Res 69, 41–47 (2011).
Hasan KM, Frye RE. Diffusion tensor-based regional gray matter tissue segmentation using the international consortium for brain mapping atlases. Hum Brain Mapp. 2011 Jan;32(1):107-17. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21004. PMID: 20799340; PMCID: PMC6869994.
Frye RE, Wu MH, Liederman J, Fisher JM. Greater Pre-Stimulus Effective Connectivity from the Left Inferior Frontal Area to other Areas is Associated with Better Phonological Decoding in Dyslexic Readers. Front Syst Neurosci. 2010 Dec 2;4:156. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2010.00156. PMID: 21160549; PMCID: PMC3001755.
Kamali A, Kramer LA, Frye RE, Butler IJ, Hasan KM. Diffusion tensor tractography of the human brain cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways: a quantitative preliminary study. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 Oct;32(4):809-17. doi: 10.1002/jmri.22330. PMID: 20882611; PMCID: PMC4492525.
Hasan KM, Walimuni IS, Kramer LA, Frye RE. Human brain atlas-based volumetry and relaxometry: application to healthy development and natural aging. Magn Reson Med. 2010 Nov;64(5):1382-9. doi: 10.1002/mrm.22515. Epub 2010 Aug 25. PMID: 20740662.
Frye RE, Malmberg B, Swank P, Smith K, Landry S. Preterm birth and maternal responsiveness during childhood are associated with brain morphology in adolescence. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2010 Sep;16(5):784-94. doi: 10.1017/S1355617710000585. Epub 2010 Jul 8. PMID: 20609271.
Frye RE, Hasan K, Malmberg B, Desouza L, Swank P, Smith K, Landry S. Superior longitudinal fasciculus and cognitive dysfunction in adolescents born preterm and at term. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010 Aug;52(8):760-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03633.x. Epub 2010 Feb 24. PMID: 20187879; PMCID: PMC2910222.
Frye RE, Huffman LC, Elliott GR. Tetrahydrobiopterin as a novel therapeutic intervention for autism. Neurotherapeutics. 2010 Jul;7(3):241-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nurt.2010.05.004. PMID: 20643376; PMCID: PMC2908599.
Frye RE, Malmberg B, McLean J 3rd, Swank P, Smith K, Papanicolaou A, Landry S. Increased left prefrontal activation during an auditory language task in adolescents born preterm at high risk. Brain Res. 2010 Jun 8;1336:89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.093. Epub 2010 Apr 8. PMID: 20381475; PMCID: PMC2881563.
Pollonini L, Pophale S, Situ N, Wu MH, Frye RE, Leon-Carrion J, Zouridakis G. Information communication networks in severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Topogr. 2010 Jun;23(2):221-6. doi: 10.1007/s10548-010-0139-9. Epub 2010 Mar 12. PMID: 20224956.
Frye RE, Butler I, Strickland D, Castillo E, Papanicolaou A. Electroencephalogram discharges in atypical cognitive development. J Child Neurol. 2010 May;25(5):556-66. doi: 10.1177/0883073809344743. Epub 2010 Mar 18. PMID: 20299700; PMCID: PMC2896832.
Frye RE, Liederman J, Malmberg B, McLean J, Strickland D, Beauchamp MS. Surface area accounts for the relation of gray matter volume to reading-related skills and history of dyslexia. Cereb Cortex. 2010 Nov;20(11):2625-35. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhq010. Epub 2010 Feb 12. PMID: 20154011; PMCID: PMC2981021.
Frye RE, Malmberg B, Desouza L, Swank P, Smith K, Landry S. Increased prefrontal activation in adolescents born prematurely at high risk during a reading task. Brain Res. 2009 Dec 15;1303:111-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.091. Epub 2009 Sep 29. PMID: 19796631; PMCID: PMC2783693.
Frye RE. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in sickle-cell anemia. Pediatr Neurol. 2009 Apr;40(4):298-301. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.10.024. PMID: 19302944; PMCID: PMC2903963.
Frye RE, Rezaie R, Papanicolaou AC. Functional Neuroimaging of Language Using Magnetoencephalography. Phys Life Rev. 2009 Mar 1;6(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2008.08.001. PMID: 20160985; PMCID: PMC2754842.
Frye RE, Beauchamp MS. Receptive language organization in high-functioning autism. J Child Neurol. 2009 Feb;24(2):231-6. doi: 10.1177/0883073808329572. PMID: 19182164; PMCID: PMC2896833.
Frye RE, Hasan K, Xue L, Strickland D, Malmberg B, Liederman J, Papanicolaou A. Splenium microstructure is related to two dimensions of reading skill. Neuroreport. 2008 Oct 29;19(16):1627-31. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328314b8ee. PMID: 18806688; PMCID: PMC2667961.
Beauchamp MS, Yasar NE, Frye RE, Ro T. Touch, sound and vision in human superior temporal sulcus. Neuroimage. 2008 Jul 1;41(3):1011-20. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.015. Epub 2008 Mar 20. PMID: 18440831; PMCID: PMC2409200.
Frye RE, Fisher JM, Witzel T, Ahlfors SP, Swank P, Liederman J, Halgren E. Objective phonological and subjective perceptual characteristics of syllables modulate spatiotemporal patterns of superior temporal gyrus activity. Neuroimage. 2008 May 1;40(4):1888-901. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.048. Epub 2008 Feb 14. PMID: 18356082; PMCID: PMC2443388.
Frye RE, Fisher JM, Coty A, Zarella M, Liederman J, Halgren E. Linear coding of voice onset time. J Cogn Neurosci. 2007 Sep;19(9):1476-87. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.9.1476. PMID: 17714009; PMCID: PMC2393546.
Frye RE, Polling JS, Ma LC. Choroid plexus papilloma expansion over 7 years in Aicardi syndrome. J Child Neurol. 2007 Apr;22(4):484-7. doi: 10.1177/0883073807302759. PMID: 17621535; PMCID: PMC2536525.
Poling, J. S., Frye, R. E., Shoffner, J., & Zimmerman, A. W. (2006). Developmental regression and mitochondrial dysfunction in a child with autism. Journal of child neurology, 21(2), 170–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/08830738060210021401
The Autism Discovery and Treatment Foundation (ADTF) is a 501c3 organization dedicated to solving complex medical problems. The overall aim of ADTF is to improve the lives of individuals and families living with chronic diseases which have been difficult to treat and/or cure. Our focus is on autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders.